When the conflict is not resolved appropriately, emotional distress occurs, which can lead to mental illness. Childhood is crucial to personality formation, and both theories say that childhood trauma can distort the development of personality.
The nature of conflict differs between Freud and Erikson. Freud's conflict centers around sex. Erikson's theory takes a the psychosocial approach, which means that people are shaped by society and desire to be part of a group.
In Erikson's theory, conflict is resolved when a person learns to love and care for others. In Freud's theory, conflict is resolved when a person receives adequate gratification during the early stages of development.
Agnes Osinski is a special educator and writing instructor. Erikson was the famous psychologist who introduced the Psychosocial Theory. The different stages of Psychosocial Theory are:. The psychosexual theory was introduced by Freud , which has the following stages on human development:. Therefore Freud ended the stages of his theory at Adolescence period as he describes how impactful these initial years are and how a child fully developed during these years and therefore this only becomes the major drawback of his theory that he did not include Adulthood and after stages of human life as discusses by the Erikson.
They discussed the impact of the unconscious on the development of a person. As toddlers ages 1—3 years begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. They begin to show clear preferences for certain elements of the environment, such as food, toys, and clothing.
For example, we might observe a budding sense of autonomy in a 2-year-old child who wants to choose her clothes and dress herself. Although her outfits might not be appropriate for the situation, her input in such basic decisions has an effect on her sense of independence.
If denied the opportunity to act on her environment, she may begin to doubt her abilities, which could lead to low self-esteem and feelings of shame. Once children reach the preschool stage ages 3—6 years , they are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. According to Erikson, preschool children must resolve the task of initiative versus guilt. By learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others, preschool children can master this task.
Those who do will develop self-confidence and feel a sense of purpose. Those who are unsuccessful at this stage—with their initiative misfiring or stifled—may develop feelings of guilt. During the elementary school stage ages 6—12 , children face the task of industry versus inferiority. Children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up.
What are some things parents and teachers can do to help children develop a sense of competence and a belief in themselves and their abilities? Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. Erikson ideas, though, were greatly influenced by Freud, emphasises the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself.
Like Freud, Erikson assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. For Erikson, these crises are of a psychosocial in nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual conflicting with the needs of society. It is largely unconscious and restrains the impulses of the id. The ego consists of a conscious faculty for perceiving and dealing intelligently with reality; it acts as mediator between the id and the superego. Freud theorized that from birth through adolescence, the individual develops through five distinct stages, called psychosexual stages.
These include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. One of the major criticisms of Freud's personality theory centres on his perception of women as inferior. His attention was based on understanding the behavior that is primarily leading us from the sexual instincts, aggression, and drives.
He also happened to be the first to propose the unconscious theory, and later invented the psychotherapy process. Freud verified the instincts based on the level of aggression; and nevertheless, he had learned that some instincts are destructive, as well as others are in need for a survival.
He concluded in the study that the main factor in shaping of personality has developed based on the sexual instincts, which are a Hock, R.
This portion is unconscious which results in being present at birth. The next one is ego; this portion is conscious and begins to emerge in early infancy.
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